\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}248 CMR 10 -- Sections}{4}{section.0.1}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}248 CMR 10.02 -- Basic Principles}{6}{section.0.2}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Water Column}{8}{section.0.3}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Cross Section}{8}{subsection.0.3.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Column Capacity}{8}{subsection.0.3.2}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}Column Surface Area}{10}{subsection.0.3.3}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4}Column Water Weight}{10}{subsection.0.3.4}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5}Pressure in a Column}{12}{subsection.0.3.5}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6}Atmospheric Pressure}{12}{subsection.0.3.6}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.7}Horizontal Column}{13}{subsection.0.3.7}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Fixture Units}{15}{section.0.4}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1}Review of Definitions}{15}{subsection.0.4.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2}Alternate Definitions}{15}{subsection.0.4.2}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Massachusetts Plumbing Code (CMR 10.03)}{15}{section*.9}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)}{15}{section*.10}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{International Plumbing Code (IPC)}{15}{section*.11}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Mometrix Media}{15}{section*.12}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3}Valve and Tank Problem}{16}{subsection.0.4.3}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4}Hunter's Calculation}{18}{subsection.0.4.4}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.5}Fixture Unit Defined}{19}{subsection.0.4.5}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Corollary}{20}{section*.21}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.6}Hunter's Curve}{21}{subsection.0.4.6}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Traps and Cleanouts}{23}{section.0.5}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1}Five Parts}{23}{subsection.0.5.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2}Trap Requirements}{23}{subsection.0.5.2}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3}SLAMOBEC}{24}{subsection.0.5.3}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4}Floor and Trough Drains}{24}{subsection.0.5.4}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.5}Cleanouts}{24}{subsection.0.5.5}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Water Pipe Sizing}{26}{section.0.6}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1}The Sizing Method}{26}{subsection.0.6.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2}Minimum Fixture Branches}{26}{subsection.0.6.2}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3}Demand Factors and Capacity Values}{27}{subsection.0.6.3}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4}One-Family Example}{28}{subsection.0.6.4}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.5}Pressure at the Fixtures}{28}{subsection.0.6.5}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.6}Flow, Diameter, and Pressure Loss}{29}{subsection.0.6.6}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.7}Capacity Value vs. Diameter}{30}{subsection.0.6.7}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.8}Other Requirements Affecting the Design}{31}{subsection.0.6.8}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Waste Pipe Sizing}{32}{section.0.7}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1}Fixture Units}{32}{subsection.0.7.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2}Pitch and Pipe Classification}{33}{subsection.0.7.2}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3}Horizontal Waste Pipes}{33}{subsection.0.7.3}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.4}Stacks with One or Two Branch Intervals}{34}{subsection.0.7.4}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.5}Stacks with Three or More Branch Intervals}{34}{subsection.0.7.5}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8}Venting}{36}{section.0.8}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.1}General Knowledge}{36}{subsection.0.8.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.2}The 5-6-8-10 Rule}{36}{subsection.0.8.2}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3}Fixture Vent Location}{37}{subsection.0.8.3}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.4}Vent Grades and Connections}{37}{subsection.0.8.4}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.5}Vent Stacks and Stack Vents}{38}{subsection.0.8.5}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6}Wet Venting}{38}{subsection.0.8.6}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7}Stack Venting}{38}{subsection.0.8.7}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.8}Common Vents}{38}{subsection.0.8.8}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.9}Circuit, Loop, and Bow Vents}{39}{subsection.0.8.9}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.10}Relief Vents and Stack Offsets}{39}{subsection.0.8.10}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.11}Vent Sizing}{40}{subsection.0.8.11}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.12}Roof Terminals and Frost Closure}{40}{subsection.0.8.12}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.13}Future Vent Connections}{41}{subsection.0.8.13}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.14}Sumps and Indirect-Waste Vents}{41}{subsection.0.8.14}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9}Roof Drains}{43}{section.0.9}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.1}General Requirements}{43}{subsection.0.9.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.2}Sizing and Capacity}{43}{subsection.0.9.2}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.3}Connections, Traps, and Cleanouts}{44}{subsection.0.9.3}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.4}Roof Flashing and Freeze Protection}{44}{subsection.0.9.4}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.5}Vent Terminals Through Roofs}{45}{subsection.0.9.5}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10}Gas Pipe Sizing}{46}{section.0.10}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.1}Pipe Sizing Equations}{46}{subsection.0.10.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.2}Derivation of Formulas}{46}{subsection.0.10.2}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.3}Fixture Demand}{48}{subsection.0.10.3}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.4}Schematics}{48}{subsection.0.10.4}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.5}Preparing a Schematic}{51}{subsection.0.10.5}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.6}Pipe Sizing Charts}{54}{subsection.0.10.6}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.7}Longest Length Method}{56}{subsection.0.10.7}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.8}Branch Length Method}{60}{subsection.0.10.8}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.9}Other Sizing Methods}{64}{subsection.0.10.9}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11}Residential Water Heaters: Service and Troubleshooting}{66}{section.0.11}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.1}Purpose and General Service Method}{66}{subsection.0.11.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.2}Basic Heater Identification}{66}{subsection.0.11.2}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.3}No Hot Water}{66}{subsection.0.11.3}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Initial Checks}{66}{section*.77}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Electric Tank Heater}{66}{section*.78}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Gas Tank Heater}{66}{section*.79}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Tankless Heater}{67}{section*.80}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.4}Hot Water Runs Out Too Quickly}{67}{subsection.0.11.4}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Useful Checks}{67}{section*.81}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.5}Water Is Not Hot Enough}{67}{subsection.0.11.5}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.6}Water Is Too Hot}{67}{subsection.0.11.6}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.7}Water Around the Heater}{67}{subsection.0.11.7}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Possible Sources}{67}{section*.82}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Diagnostic Approach}{67}{section*.83}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.8}T\&P Relief Valve Dripping or Discharging}{67}{subsection.0.11.8}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Service Checks}{67}{section*.84}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.9}Thermal Expansion and Pressure Problems}{67}{subsection.0.11.9}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Expansion Tank Checks}{68}{section*.85}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.10}Noisy Heater}{68}{subsection.0.11.10}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Gas Tank Heater}{68}{section*.86}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Electric Tank Heater}{68}{section*.87}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.11}Discolored, Smelly, or Poor-Quality Hot Water}{68}{subsection.0.11.11}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.12}Slow Recovery}{68}{subsection.0.11.12}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.13}Electric Tank Heater Troubleshooting}{68}{subsection.0.11.13}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Main Components}{68}{section*.88}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Element Testing}{68}{section*.89}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Common Patterns}{68}{section*.90}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.14}Gas Tank Heater Troubleshooting}{68}{subsection.0.11.14}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Standing-Pilot Systems}{68}{section*.91}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Electronic-Ignition Systems}{68}{section*.92}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.15}Drafting, Venting, and Combustion Problems}{68}{subsection.0.11.15}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.16}Tankless Water Heater Troubleshooting}{69}{subsection.0.11.16}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.17}Heat-Pump Water Heater Troubleshooting}{69}{subsection.0.11.17}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.18}Indirect Water Heater Troubleshooting}{69}{subsection.0.11.18}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.19}Tank and Internal Component Failures}{69}{subsection.0.11.19}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Sediment}{69}{section*.93}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Dip Tube}{69}{section*.94}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Anode Rod}{69}{section*.95}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Tank Failure}{69}{section*.96}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.20}Repair Versus Replace}{69}{subsection.0.11.20}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.21}Replacement Survey}{69}{subsection.0.11.21}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.22}Water Heater Replacement Procedure}{69}{subsection.0.11.22}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Before Removal}{69}{section*.97}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Drain the Old Heater}{70}{section*.98}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Disconnect and Remove}{70}{section*.99}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Set and Pipe the New Heater}{70}{section*.100}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Fill the Tank and Purge Air}{70}{section*.101}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Gas Heater Startup}{71}{section*.102}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Electric Heater Startup}{71}{section*.103}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Final Checks After Replacement}{71}{section*.104}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.23}Final Service Checklist}{71}{subsection.0.11.23}%